Improvement in well-tubes



./Wfwf N.FETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON, D C.

TINrruD STATES Pneumatica FRANCIS A. MACK, OF NILES, MICHIGAN.

IM PROVENI ENT IN WELL-TU BES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 57,935, dated September 1l, 1866.

ful Improvements in the Construction of Iron Tell-Tubes; and l do hereby declare that the ollowing is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a vertical section of the lower portion of the pipe, represented as driven in the earth. Fig. 2 is a view, in elevation, of

the pipe, with my improved clamp iu position for driving the pipe. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the clamp detached.

Like letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

My improvements relate to the method of obtaining water by driving into the ground an iron tube armed at the bottom with a steel point, and provided with perforations for the iniiuX of the water 5 and the invention consists in the construction of the lower perforated portion of the tube in such a manner as to prevent dirt or sand from entering and clogging the tube.

As illustrated in the drawings, A is a portion of the iron tubing usually employed for driving, to the lower end ot' which I secure, in any suitable manner, by riveting or otherwise, the perforated and, preferably, galvanized section C, armed at its. bottom with the steel or iron point B, which is secured thereto in any proper manner.

The section C is slightly conical, and provided with slits or openings e e, preferably inclined, as shown, formed by cutting from the inside of the metal, before it is made into a tube, by a cold-chisel or by stamping, so as to leave the space f between each two slits concave or depressed on the outside and convex within, and the edges or lips of the opening protruding outward, as clearly shown in the drawings.

The effect of this construction is to prevent to a great extent the admission of sand, particles of earth, or vegetable matter from entering the well-tube.

The section C being conical causes the upper edge or lip of each incision to project a little farther than the lower one, so that particles of sand in fallin g would clear thelo wer and not enter the upper perforation, while the water is absorbed by capillary attraction, and any dirt that was more rapidly washed downward would take the course of the inclined indentations f j', and thus avoid the inductioiroritlces. Should any particles enter these incisions they will 'pass through instead of remaining to form permanent obstructions, as the openings@ being so much wider on the inside, caused b v the curved divergence of the inner surface ot' fon each side of them, prevents any particles from wedging in the cuts, they heilig either conducted away by the outer inclined sides of f, or else passing readily through the openings into the tube.

rIhe lower end of the tube being constructed as before described, the saine is readily driven into the ground by the use of any suitable ap paratus.

The manner of forming the openings in the point C enables them to be easily made ot' any degree of iineness required to adapt it to the different varieties of soil, from coarse sand to marl and the finest clay, which is an advantage over other inventions, and one ot' great importance.

Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire t0 secure by Letters Patent, is-

Forming the induction-openings of iron welltubes of oblique incisions e e, formed by cutting from the inside of the tube, having protrudin g lips or edges with alternating depressions, to prevent the admission ot' sand or other 4solid particles within, substantially as set forth.

FRANCIS A. MACK.

Witnesses:

EBENEZER MCILVAINE, W. K. LAGEY. 

